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what is Diclofenac ?

Diclofenac is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that provides effective relief from pain, inflammation, and swelling. It works by blocking the action of enzymes known as cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2), which are responsible for producing prostaglandins — the chemical messengers in the body that trigger pain, fever, and inflammation. By reducing the levels of prostaglandins, Diclofenac helps in lowering pain intensity, decreasing tissue inflammation, and improving mobility in affected areas. It is available in multiple forms such as tablets, capsules, injections, gels, eye drops, and sprays, allowing doctors to prescribe it according to the severity and type of pain.

Medical Uses and Conditions Treated

Diclofenac is used to manage pain and swelling caused by a wide variety of acute and chronic conditions, including:

  1. Arthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis:
    Helps relieve joint stiffness, tenderness, and swelling by reducing inflammation.

  2. Osteoarthritis:
    Eases joint pain and improves mobility in degenerative bone and cartilage conditions.

  3. Muscle Pain and Sports Injuries:
    Commonly used for sprains, strains, and muscle tears to minimize inflammation and promote recovery.

  4. Backache and Lower Back Pain:
    Provides quick relief from muscular or spinal pain by reducing inflammation in the back muscles or nerves.

  5. Dental Pain:
    Used after dental procedures or tooth extractions to control pain and swelling.

  6. Postoperative Pain:
    Reduces pain and inflammation following surgeries or minor procedures.

  7. Menstrual Cramps (Dysmenorrhea):
    Effective in relieving menstrual pain by decreasing uterine contractions and inflammation.

How Diclofenac Works (Mechanism of Action)

When tissue damage or inflammation occurs, the body releases prostaglandins — substances that cause pain, redness, and swelling. Diclofenac blocks the cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, which are key in the production of prostaglandins. As a result:

  • Pain signals are reduced

  • Swelling and redness subside

  • Fever (if present) is lowered

This dual action makes Diclofenac both an analgesic (pain reliever) and an anti-inflammatory agent.

Important Advice

  • Always take Diclofenac after meals to prevent stomach irritation.

  • Avoid combining it with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen or aspirin.

  • Long-term use should be done only under medical supervision due to risks of stomach ulcers, heart issues, or kidney effects.