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What is Metformin?

Metformin is an oral antidiabetic medicine that helps control high blood sugar levels in people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. It belongs to a class of drugs called Biguanides. Metformin is usually the first-line treatment for diabetes and is often combined with other medicines or insulin if needed.

How It Works

Metformin works in three main ways:Reduces glucose production in the liverImproves insulin sensitivity — helps the body’s cells use insulin more effectivelyDecreases glucose absorption from the intestinesIt does not cause low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) when used alone and can help with weight control, making it ideal for overweight diabetic patients.

Uses

Metformin is mainly used for:

    • Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (to control blood sugar)

    • Prediabetes (to prevent diabetes progression)

    • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) (off-label use — helps regulate periods and insulin resistance)

    • Metabolic syndrome

Side Effects

Most side effects are mild and improve over time.
Common side effects:

  • Nausea or vomiting

  • Diarrhea

  • Abdominal pain

  • Loss of appetite

  • Metallic taste in mouth

 

 

Precautions

  • Avoid in severe kidney or liver disease.

  • Stop temporarily before contrast dye (CT/MRI) procedures.

  • Avoid excessive alcohol intake — increases risk of lactic acidosis.

  • Not usually recommended during pregnancy unless prescribed.

  • Monitor blood sugar and kidney function regularly.